## Old overview 📌 **Working Question:** *What are the ==barriers and opportunities== for increasing food system resilience?* **Operational Questions** 1. What mechanisms have been employed to address COVID-19 related food disruptions? 2. Has consideration of food system resilience changed as a result of the pandemic? 3. What are the needs of producers across the state? 4. Do producers’ needs align with state and private interventions? 5. What are the key factors of resilience in Hawaii’s food system? 6. What foresight systems can be established for future disruptions? **Summary** To assess the barriers and opportunities for increasing food system resilience I will employ a fault tree analysis to construct a model of vulnerabilities that will be expanded upon with interviews with key actors and stakeholders in Hawaii’s food system. Chodur et al.’s (2018) fault tree model will be used to assess the current food system and its failures during COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, my work as a food system planner as part of the pandemic food response frameworks will provide access and insights into the approaches and interventions employed. In May 2020, I began a position  as the food resilience coordinator at the Hawaii Public Health Institute. Among my other responsibilities, in this role I compile data on food crisis responses at community, county, and statewide scales through participation in various networks including, inter alia, Oahu’s (and Maui’s fledgling) Kupuna Food Security Coalition, the Hawaii Hunger Action Network, Obesity Prevention Task Force, Agriculture Response & Recovery Working Group, and Hawaii Emergency Management Agency’s Emergency Support Function 6 on Mass Care. This position has afforded opportunity to support the food access coordinators within each county as well as outline collection and analysis systems for community feeding program data. **Notes** - track down Ketchup & M&M's for quotes from Chad Buck to highlight certain narratives about the past and how we got to today. ## Methods 1. concatenation of the covid food crisis 2. phenology methods 3. Ethnographic interviews 1. food hubs, farmers, hunger orgs 4. Quantitative analysis 1. New market relations 1. Food hub growth data 2. Food price and availability fluctuations 3. Community feeding data 5. Data 1. Participatory action research 2. Farmer needs assessments 3. Recovery plans 4. Key informants 5. Emergency Managers 6. Food access coordinators 7. Food aggregators ## Network Analysis #### Temporal Network Analysis See [Programming Historian tutorial](https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/temporal-network-analysis-with-r#beyond-the-hairball-dynamic-network-metrics) **Temporal Network Analysis of Food System Actors** Produced as part of Transforming Hawaii's Food Systems Together https://rpubs.com/supersistence/tfs-sna https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/hunter.h7449/viz/SNA_TFS/SocialNetworkAnalysis-TransformingHawaiiFoodSystemsTogether https://kumu.io/supersistence/transforming-hawaiis-food-systems-together#overall-map/spatial  ### TFS SNA <iframe src="https://embed.kumu.io/e1c2bd9a2fd274b35563ddf43ce0fcbf" width="940" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe> ## Prompts & Ideas shifting power between actors - structural change (accelerations and impediments) - who grew? - wwi: extension - wwii: HDOA/ insect research - strikes: distributors? home storage? - covid: (ie big box, hubs, delivery, emergency feeding) - what materialized from these discussions? - what lasted? - when did things fizzle? - when did the global return? Use data to illustrate around the narrative, not as the work that is to be done.. political entitlements (CARES act) took care of most needs. direct entitlements were less a concern have any new relationships grown from response? or have the connections (say farm to food bank) waned? covid chapter - empirical descriptive - the characters, the response activities, new alliances - what emerged? what persisted? what withered? - draw in any data from HIPHI work - food response within the economic crisis - what was the state of agriculture just prior to covid - farm link experience - HFNAS with albie - what did covid disrupt in a material sense? (not just in a sentiment) - was something robust disrupted? was something hanging by a thread disrupted? - tell the stories that are fresh - Actors and networks of response - Food Hub Hui - Hawaii Hunger Action Network - TFS - can share the network analysis - diagram via table/chart/network/etc who the actors have been during covid - aspiring, thinkers, dependents - motivations of these actors - don't worry about resilience theory yet.. - you will come back to intro chapter later ### What happened? The COVID-19 pandemic demand-side disruption of Hawaii's tourism and hospitality industries More direct marketing and food delivery loss of tourism and hospitality markets > [!QUESTION] See [[2022-09-13 - risk topology#^bfb6a0]] for some Krisna ideas test case on whether anything has changed? @lacroix.mak_2021 @bond-smith_2021 @devereux.etal_2020 ## Novel Risk? See [[Risk Transfer]] "intense industry concentration makes Hawai‘i’s economy vulnerable to external shocks, exposing its residents to economic volatility and risk" [@bond-smith_2021] The COVID-19 Pandemic & Hawaii Foodways 1. Working Question: How 2. Methods 1. concatenation of the covid food crisis 2. phenology methods 3. Ethnographic interviews 1. food hubs, farmers, hunger orgs 4. Quantitative analysis 1. New market relations 1. Food hub growth data 2. Food price and availability fluctuations 3. Community feeding data 3. How does the capitalist system respond to the various opportunities? 1. How does this prevent or contribute to the next crisis? 2. Where do we seem to be going with the current food regime in hawaii? 4. Questions 1. What mechanisms have been employed to address COVID-19 related food disruptions? 2. Has consideration of food system resilience changed as a result of the pandemic? 3. What are the needs of producers across the state? 4. Do producers’ needs align with state and private interventions? 5. What are the key factors of resilience in Hawaii’s food system? 6. What foresight systems can be established for future disruptions? 5. Data 1. Participatory action research 2. Farmer needs assessments 3. Recovery plans 4. Key informants 5. Emergency Managers 6. Food access coordinators 7. Food aggregators - Hawaii COVID Food Systems Analysis 1. Fault Trees & Event Trees 2. Policy recommendations 3. The question of optimization - Vulnerability in Hawaii's Emergency Feeding Systems - Emergency Food Planning Scaffold - general model - local application - Data Driven Emergency Food Systems - Graph models for emergency food system response capacity - Inter-networking Hawaii's Food Systems - Farm and University actors have the greatest number of long-term links, representing 10+ year interactions, present in the 2011 time slice. - In 2020, the highest counts of new links, presumably part of COVID-19 response, were between Government and Non-Profits, Intergovernmental, followed by Farms and Non-profit organizations. - Value Chain Coordination - Entity BI Data interface → Intra-hui co-metric dashboards → Inter-sector market signals - For value chain coordination to avoid the negative effects of consolidation on producers generative justice frameworks are crucial. - The food trade in Hawaii has long been a mechanism for building power and wealth, these accumulations are most often however the derivatives of extractions. From post-contact Chiefs cornering and monopolizing product markets, from goat hides (Ralston, 1984) to at commoners expense (Cordy, 1972; Ralston 1984)